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Development of Christianity, 2008.
A short overview of the evolution of Christianity from a combination of Jewish monotheism and Roman universalism.
818 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Christianity emerged from Judaism and changed as it came into contact with other belief systems. The writer examines the apostle Paul's role in spreading Christianity to Greece and Asia Minor and how his journeys influenced the relationship between Christianity and the surrounding cultures. The writer also discusses how the way Jesus was seen changed as Christianity developed from being a persecuted sect to being an official theology. The writer explains that in examining Christianity and conceptions of Jesus throughout the Christian age, societal and religious shifts as they occur synchronously must be taken into account.
From the Paper
"The apostle Paul still left a definitive and lasting impression on Christian history and the way Jesus was thought of by the mass numbers that Paul was able to convert in Greece and Asia Minor. Paul, who received a vision of Jesus that blinded him, and then was miraculously healed, became one of the first Christian evangelists, spreading the word of Jesus throughout his lifetime. His traditional pattern of teaching was to begin speaking at a local synagogue, get thrown out, and continue to preach to the masses in more bucolic areas, establishing small churches through the teachings of Jesus that were later expanded in other evangelical trips."
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Alcoholism, 2008.
A rhetorical analysis of an essay on alcoholism, entitled "Who are the Real Victims of Alcoholism," by Meredith Newman Blanco.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the essay entitled "Who are the Real Victims of Alcoholism?" by Meredith Newman Blanco, published in "Reading Literature and Writing Argument." The paper discusses the content of the article and looks at the articles effectiveness in discussing the impact of being a child of an alcoholic. The paper concludes that the essay sheds little additional light on the effect of alcoholism on an alcoholic's children.
From the Paper
"The author's identity as a writer and a consumer of literature is also subtly conveyed in his note, given that someone without such a background might draw a connection between the 2am visit with a soap opera or move of the week. It unites the personal, literary, and sociological in the connections it establishes through the use of anecdote, poem, and statistics. The author shifts to logos, or the logical element of effective persuasion, when she that it is staggering to think that, not only are there millions of alcoholics in this nation, but there are also millions of children of alcoholics--28 million according to the essay. "
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"Pest" Is Only One Letter Away From Pet, 2008.
A creative narrative describing the writer's experiences as the owner of a pet mouse.
1,101 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This creative writing piece presents an unforgettable childhood experience. The paper describes the writer's experiences as the owner of a pet mouse. The writer describes the way in which his pet was perceived as a pest simply because it was a mouse. It also describes the character of his pet and the positive experiences that the writer had with the animal.
From the Paper
"A few weeks later my Dad intercepted me at the door before I made it all the way to my room to tell me that I could get another pet if I wanted, but that Mickey had died. He left him in his cage to let me decide what to do with him which I appreciated. I wanted to preserve him in a bottle, like the specimens in the science lab in school. All we had at home was alcohol, so I filled a small bottle and put Mickey in, planning to replace the alcohol with formaldehyde as soon as I could get some from my science teacher. According to him, the alcohol would work just as well, so that's how Mickey stayed, preserved in that little bottle. Occasionally I'd hold the bottle up to look at him. Except for the light refraction by the alcohol, he looked just as he had in life, completely intact, except for the large scab on his back that he couldn't stop scratching."
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Zimbardo's "Stanford Prison Experiment", 2008.
An overview and discussion on Philip Zimbardo's "Stanford Prison Experiment" with a focus on the issue of prejudice.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Philip Zimbardo's "Stanford Prison Experiment" explored issues of social roles and obedience and how the experiment utilized about 20 college-aged men who were divided
into groups of guards and prisoners in a prison-like environment. It looks at how the experiment eventually went out of control and was cancelled and contends that it was research into the nature of prejudice, with ethical flaws which could have been solved in various ways.
From the Paper
"In Zimbardo's famous experiment, the researcher divided a population into guards and prisoners and extreme prejudice developed between the groups, leading to violence and the cancellation of the experiment. The experiment became extreme, went out of control, and yielded results that could be considered unethical, but it was set up as an ethical experiment. The participants were assured that there would be no physical harm because the guards were told that this would be forbidden. Even though taking prisoners' blankets, using the fire extinguishers, and making them do physically punishing exercises constituted only minor physical harm, many of the prisoners fell apart psychologically. And one guard stated that "I lashed out with my stick and hit him in the chin (although not very hard, and when I freed myself I became angry. Acting authoritatively can be fun" (Zimbardo, 2008)."
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Michelangelo's "Pieta" and Bernini's "Saint Teresa", 2006.
An exploration of the similarities and differences in Michelangelo's "Pieta" and Bernini's "Ecstasy of Saint Teresa."
1,107 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper compares one of the greatest works of renaissance art, Michelangelo's "Pieta," with a superb example of the complexity of baroque art, Bernini's "Saint Teresa in Ecstasy." The writer explains the Neo-Platonist and humanist influences on Michelangelo and his "Pieta," and describes the sculpture in its moving simplicity in detail. The writer then explains how Bernini's statue combines the baroque emotion with counter-reformation mysticism. The paper concludes that both Michelangelo and Bernini were masters of their craft, bringing life to cold marble and bronze, with different styles of expressing their veneration for God.
From the Paper
"However, apart from earlier religious works, Michelangelo's sculpture had an unmistakable air of humanism. A recurring theme in renaissance art, humanism was fueled by a renewed interest in the individual, under the idea that humanity is a miracle, and you glorified god by portraying his creations in a beautiful manner. This led to much more realistic depictions of the world, the figures of medieval art becoming more three-dimensional, and less homogeneous. The Pieta is an excellent example of this new way of viewing the world, as it was wholly life-sized, and made to be viewed in the round, all sides available to be seen."
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Goldratt's, "The Goal In Non-Profit Organization Setting"., 2008.
An explanation of Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt's theory of constraints.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the book "The Goal," written by Israeli physicist turned business consultant, Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt. The paper relates that Goldratt's book introduces his theory of constraints (TOC), which provides five steps to help managers genuinely comprehend what is happening within their organizations. The paper also lists and briefly describes the five steps.
From the Paper
" As Alex Rogo was exploring his plant's challenges in the face of imminent facility closure due to its inability to deliver results, he discovered the painfully simple and obvious fact, "The goal of a manufacturing organization is to make money" (Goldratt, p. 40). In a joint effort with the plant controller, Alex determined three measurements that established if the company was making money or not. Net profit was the absolute measurement that told how much money the company had made. However, net profit alone was not sufficient to paint the whole picture. ROI was the relative measurement that made a "comparison of the money made to the money invested" (p. 46). In addition, cash flow served as a "measure of survival," showing whether the company had enough cash coming in to meet the expenses (p. 47)."
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Hispanic Cultural Issues, 2007.
A review of the Hispanic and Latino groups in the USA and the problems and issues that they encounter.
1,488 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the many issues and problems facing the Latino communities in the US, noting that there are in excess of twenty five varying ethnic and cultural groups in the US that are known as Latino/Hispanic Americans. The paper then discusses the many problems encountered by the Latino/Hispanic community, such as conflict between law enforcement, lack of reporting victimization, mistrust of the police, poverty levels and health issues. The paper points out that it is necessary to understand the myths about Latino/Hispanic Americans that contribute to the prejudice, discrimination, and bias with which they contend. The paper concludes that the Latino/Hispanic culture as a whole is very interesting and diverse.
From the Paper
"Then the U.S. invaded Puerto Rico and made it a part of the Spanish-American War. Cuba, the Philippines, and Guam were also invaded in 1898 by the U.S. Puerto Rico was the only one to remain U.S. territory. By 1952 Puerto Rico was given Commonwealth status. They were now citizens. They were allowed to have Spanish be the language used for instruction in the schools again. They also had to teach English as a second language. Cubans later immigrated to the U.S. between 1959 and 1973. Also immigrants from twenty one other countries of South and Central America, and the Caribbean migrated to the U.S. around the 1980's.'
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Bhutan's Development, 2008.
This paper looks at Bhutan's development and discusses past influences and future implications.
3,235 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 28 sources, APA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a study into the factors behind Bhutan's state, economy and development. The writer maintains that information regarding Bhutan's development is relatively accessible, and its seclusion from global narratives makes it a natural experiment in alternative modes of development, democracy and equality.The writer notes that it is a common assumption that political and economic elites are primarily concerned, through force or guile, with furthering their own interests - and it is something of a tragedy that this assumption has been ratified by countless examples. The writer maintains that the most important lesson from Bhutan is that this is not necessarily the case. The writer concludes that Bhutan demonstrates that it is possible for an autocratic regime to act with transparency, sustainability and enlightenment, in the interests of its subjects. It provides a working model for 'social monarchy'.
From the Paper
"New Shabdrungs was chosen by reincarnation. This rendered Bhutan's most powerful political position extremely contestable, as any powerful feudal family could claim to have a child exhibiting the qualities of Shabdrung, and they were generally under four years of age when they took the post. As a result, power was kept for an average of 8 years from 1637-1885. This political tradition meant that power was relatively equally shared between a number of small political structures from 1637 to the beginning of the 20th Century. The crucial consequence of this history is that there was no ongoing and systematic consolidation of power into the hands of a single political elite, as was occurring in the majority of other countries worldwide.
"In the late 19th Century, Bhutan underwent a civil war between pro-Tibetan and pro-British principalities. Ugyen Wangchuck, a pro-British regional leader, overcame the Tibetan factions in the civil war of 1885 and became the dominant figure in Bhutan."
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Attica Prison Riot, 2008.
This paper studies the events at the Attica prison riot in 1971 and looks at the consequences.
2,133 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the Attica Prison Riot that took place on September 9, 1971 at the Attica Correction Facility in Attica, New York. The writer notes that the riot lasted four days and ended when 1,500 State Police and National Guardsmen reclaimed the facility leaving 42 dead with ten of those being hostages. The writer examines what took place at the facility and looks at the negotiations that took place. Further, the writer discusses what ultimately was changed following the riot.
From the Paper
"There are many accounts of why the prisoners revolted that day in September, some accounts say that it was racial, some state that the prisoners were treated inhumanely by being abused by prison guards and others blame the uprising on inadequate medical treatment for the prisoners but by most accounts it was all of the above rolled up into one.
"The Attica Correctional Facility was designed to hold 1,200 inmates but at the time of the riots, the prison was well beyond capacity with 2,225 inmates residing there. Among the 2,225 inmates, 52% were African American, 13% were of Puerto Rican decent and the remaining 35% were white. There were 383 Corrections Officers employed at the time of the uprising with all but one officer being white. The one officer that was claimed by the prison to be of Puerto Rican decent could not be located after or during the riot."
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Martin Luther's Influence, 2008.
An overview of Martin Luther's influence.
1,776 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an explanation of how Martin Luther's ideas influenced the progress of society when he challenged the role of the Catholic church.
From the Paper
"During the period of the Middle Ages in Europe, Catholicism was one of the main European religions. But this does not mean that all of these various countries practiced Catholicism in the same way. Since the very start of Christianity, many different people have interpreted Christian books and teachings in many different ways. This is why there has never been a sustained and unified church that is simply called Christian. People have always been seeing the religion in different ways, and this has made them make a lot of different churches and systems. These institutions have changed over time, even though a lot of them have always told people that they were timeless places of worship.
The outside forces of society have had an impact on churches in general, though, and especially when the means of government is united with the church, it is easy for the church to change under the pressure of current events. Catholicism in the Middle Ages was united with politics, like most religions are, and this made it no different: it was able to be changed and really it had to change to keep up with the times. Luther provided the catalyst for one of these times, because he essentially ushered in a new era for the church and its members."
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Mussolini's Economic Battles, 1922-40., 2007.
A look at Mussolini's propaganda campaigns.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper explains Mussolini's aims towards his desire to achieve autarky in Italy and how he launched massive propaganda campaigns to reach his ultimate objective.
From the Paper
"Mussolini's 'Battle for Birth's' was set up in 1927, and in addition to propaganda through the media (by then controlled by the fascists), included awards for the mothers of several children. After 1939, the campaign became so desperate that mothers were given a medal with a silver bar for every child they bore. Financial incentives existed in 'marriage loans' and tax relief: repayment of the loans was cancelled if women bore four children, and the parents of ten children paid no income tax. Bachelors, furthermore, were forced to pay more in taxation, divorce remained illegal, abortion was banned, contraceptives were limited and the new 1931 Penal Code encompassed 'crimes against the wholeness of the race'. Promotion soon became possible only for fathers and civil service jobs were reserved for them too. All this, it seems, was in order to provide more soldiers, workers and inhabitants for the new colonies that said soldiers were supposed to be conquering in Africa. Mussolini's birth rate targets were high: he aimed to increase the population from 37 million in 1922 to 60 million by 1950. Despite these efforts, however, both the birth rate and the marriage rate continued to fall: the population in 1950, after the fall of fascism, was 47.5 million. The 'Battle for Births' may have prevented an even greater drop in birth rates, but in terms of its own aims, it achieved very little."
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James I and Puritansim 1603 to 1611, 2006.
An overview of James I's response to the problems of Puritanism 1603 to 1611.
1,468 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of the Hampton Court Conference that took place in 1604. In particular, the paper explores its importance with regard to James I's response to the problems posed by Puritanism in the years 1603 to 1611.
From the Paper
"Although the use of the word "Puritan" later expanded, with the outbreak of full-scale conflict in Europe, to include all anti-Catholics, the oases of Puritanism in the desert of Calvinism across England posed a problem by their very nature, Puritanism being, as defined by Collinson, "a hotter sort of protestant[ism]", and thus fairly fundamentalist. Puritans, however, were largely not prepared to act on their occasionally more extreme views; the Millenary Petition, for instance, was presented to James in 1603 before he had even been crowned, showing that the Millenarians (or those claiming to represent them - the supposed signatures of a thousand ministers were largely orchestrated by twelve men) were keen to establish that they were definitely not as extreme as the Presbyterians with whom James had dealt in Scotland. While the Presbyterians wished for the complete separation of church and state (thus threatening both by removing the King from his position as Supreme Governor), the Millenarian Puritans stated their aims in a petition, thus appealing to his authority, and specified that they had no desire for the "dissolution of state ecclesiastical". Their requests were largely on ceremonial matters, in an attempt to establish a working relationship, and had little significance with regards to the theology central to James's beliefs, such as his rule by "Divine Right", which encapsulated his control of both church and state. With their belief that Armageddon could be near, the Millenarians thereby demonstrated that they took little significant issue with the current state of power being around when judgement came, and that they were more concerned in preparing themselves in more individual ways, therefore requiring only a moderate response from James in 1604."
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The Relationship between James I and the Puritans, 2006.
This paper explains the importance of foreign policy, in relation to other factors, in influencing the relationship between James I and the Puritans in the years 1603 - 1625.
1,427 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the relationship between James I and the Puritans, focusing on the significance of foreign policy. The writer notes that the Puritan's view regarding foreign policy, although the Millenary Petition of 1603 acknowledged James's authority over all such matters, was stringently anti-Spanish. The writer maintains that in the eyes of the Puritans, Spain was something of a Catholic super-power and, along with the traditional hatred of the Spanish, they took the more extreme view that the Pope was the "Anti-Christ" and that all Catholics were irretrievably evil. The writer points out that when compared to James's tolerant attitude, this was potentially dangerous for both parties. The writer notes that before 1618, foreign policy did little to damage James's relationship with England's Puritans, who were largely conformist. The writer concludes that after 1618, however, with the increasingly serious negotiations with Spain over the match, the Puritans became far more concerned about James's tolerant attitude towards Catholicism and, in a Millenarian point of view, the potential danger of James failing to ensure a Protestant victory in the Battle of Armageddon.
From the Paper
"James's 1618 Book of Sports was, by going against extreme Puritan Sabbatarianism, a further attempt to separate the conformist Puritans from the non-conformist individuals, which added to his lengthy list of such efforts. These endeavours, whilst casual, did help James in recognising some extremists, but also helped to further alienate some - such alienated groups would have been particularly adverse to any foreign policy sympathetic to Catholic powers (and more prepared to resort to extreme measures), which was especially dangerous because most such Puritans were by no means poor: Puritanism required, to some extent, literacy, and literacy was largely restricted to richer members of society, who were therefore more likely to be MPs, or MPs' more important constituents (as part of the Gentry). Such Puritans were, fortunately for James, rare (partly owing to their emigration) and so they had little effect. Puritans in Parliament were conformists at least to the extent that they recognised parliament, and so had little effect on foreign policy - the reasons for anti-Spanish sentiment in Parliament were varied, but had little to do with extreme Puritanism. Until 1618, there was little reason for souring the relationship between James and the majority of Puritans (specifically) through domestic policy, finance, the constitution or other areas, as the dissatisfaction that could arise from these problems were not religious issues. After 1618, however, with the increasingly serious negotiations with Spain over the Match (now with Charles, since Henry, James's older son, had died), the Puritans became far more concerned about James's tolerant attitude towards Catholicism and, in a Millenarian point of view, the potential danger of James failing to ensure a Protestant Victory in the Battle of Armageddon."
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"The Goal", 2008.
A review of Eliyahu Goldratt's novel "The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement."
2,516 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Eliyahu Goldratt's novel, "The Goal" and explains that it is about how the the goal of a manufacturing plant, such as the one presented in the book, is to make money. The paper specifically discusses two characters in the novel, Alex Rogo and Jonah, and what measurement they use to determine if the manufacturing plant is meeting its goal of making money.
From the Paper
"Jonah defines these three terms very specifically, and in a way that is different from the traditional methods of cost accounting. "Throughput...is the rate at which the system generates money through sales" (60). Mr. Rogo objects: shouldn't it be production, not sales? Jonah points out that measuring production assumes that we will sell everything we produce. This is not the case and so can skew our estimate of how much money we will make. Jonah continues, "Inventory is all the money that the system has invested in purchasing things which it intends to sell," and "Operational expense is all the money the system spends in order to turn inventory into throughput" (60). These two measures are unconventional because they don't consider the value added into an account through direct labor or some other process. By ignoring value added, these measurements "eliminate the confusion over whether a dollar spent is an investment or an expense" (61). "
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